I. Izinqolobane zemithombo yamandla
I-Ukraine ingenye yezindawo zokuqala zokumba uwoyela emhlabeni.Cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingama-375 kawoyela negesi yemvelo ewuketshezi akhiqizwa kusukela kwasetshenziswa izimboni.Cishe ayizigidi ezingama-85 amathani asekumbiwe kule minyaka engama-20 edlule.Isamba semithombo ye-petroleum e-Ukraine singamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.041, okuhlanganisa amathani ayizigidi ezingu-705 kaphethiloli kanye namathani ayizigidi ezingu-366 egesi yemvelo ewuketshezi.Isatshalaliswa kakhulu ezindaweni ezintathu ezinkulu zokunothisa uwoyela negesi: impumalanga, intshonalanga naseningizimu.Ibhande lasempumalanga likawoyela negesi lihlanganisa amaphesenti angu-61 emithombo kawoyela yase-Ukraine.Izizinda zikawoyela ezingama-205 sezithuthukisiwe esifundeni, eziyi-180 zazo zikahulumeni.Izindawo eziyinhloko zamafutha yiLelyakivske, Hnidyntsivske, Hlynsko-Rozbyshevske njalonjalo.Ibhande lasentshonalanga likawoyela negesi litholakala ikakhulukazi esifundeni sase-Outer Carpathian, okuhlanganisa i-Borslavskoe, i-DOlynske nezinye izizinda zikawoyela.Ibhande laseningizimu likawoyela negesi litholakala ikakhulukazi entshonalanga nasenyakatho yoLwandle Olumnyama, enyakatho yoLwandle lwase-Azov, eCrimea, kanye nolwandle lwase-Ukraine oLwandle Olumnyama noLwandle lwase-Azov.Sekutholwe izizinda zikawoyela negesi ezingama-39 kule ndawo, okuhlanganisa nezizinda zikawoyela eziyishumi.Ebhandeni elisempumalanga likawoyela-gesi, ukuminyana kwe-petroleum kungu-825-892 kg/m3, futhi okuqukethwe kukaphalafini kungu-0.01-5.4%, isulfure ngu-0.03-0.79%, uphethiloli ngu-9-34%, nodizili ngu-26-39 %.Ubuningi bamafutha ebhande lasentshonalanga likawoyela negesi ngu-818-856 kg/m3, nokuqukethwe kukaphalafini okungu-6-11%, 0.23-0.79% sulphur, 21-30% kaphethiloli kanye no-23-32% udizili.
Ii.Ukukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa
Ngo-2013, i-Ukraine yakhipha amathani ayizigidi ezingu-3.167 kawoyela, yangenisa amathani angu-849,000 kwamanye amazwe, yathumela amathani angu-360,000, futhi yadla amathani ayizigidi ezingu-4.063 zokuhluza.
Izinqubomgomo nemithetho yamandla
Imithetho nemithethonqubo eyinhloko emkhakheni kawoyela negesi yilena: Umthetho Wamafutha Negesi wase-Ukraine No. 1391-14 kaJanuwari 14, 2000, Umthetho Wokusebenza Kwemakethe Yegesi Yase-Ukraine No. 1999, Umthetho wase-Ukraine Wokuthuthukisa Ukuphathwa Kwezisebenzi zabasebenzi basemayini yangomhla zi-2 kuSeptemba 2008, kanye noMthetho we-Coalbed methane No. 1392-6 wangomhla zingama-21 kuNhlaba wezi-2009. Imithetho eyinhloko emkhakheni kagesi yilena: Umthetho wase-Ukraine No. 74/94 we Julayi 1, 1994 ngokongiwa kwamandla, Umthetho wase-Ukraine No. 575/97 ka-Okthoba 16, 1997 kugesi, Umthetho wase-Ukraine No. 2633-4 kaJuni 2, 2005 ekunikezeni ukushisa, uMthetho No. ekusebenzeni Izimiso ze-Ukrainian Electricity Market.
Izinkampani zikawoyela negesi zase-Ukraine zibhekene nokulahlekelwa okukhulu nokuntuleka kokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nokuhlola emkhakheni kawoyela negesi.I-Ukrgo iyinkampani yezamandla kahulumeni enkulu kunazo zonke e-Ukraine, iphampa amaphesenti angama-90 kawoyela negesi wezwe.Kodwa-ke, inkampani iye yalahlekelwa kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, kuhlanganise ne-17.957 billion hryvna ngo-2013 kanye ne-85,044 billion hryvna ngo-2014. Ukushoda kwezimali kwe-Ukrainian oil and gas Company kuye kwaba umthwalo osindayo kwisabelomali sombuso wase-Ukraine.
Ukwehla kwamanani entengo kawoyela negesi emhlabeni wonke kumise amaphrojekthi akhona okubambisana kwamandla.I-Royal Dutch Shell inqume ukuphuma kuphrojekthi yegesi ye-shale e-Ukraine ngenxa yokwehla kwamanani entengo kawoyela negesi emhlabeni wonke, okukwenze kwangabibikho ukonga ukuhlola nokukhiqiza izinsiza zamandla.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-08-2022